Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition with symptoms such as unwanted thoughts and fear that lead people to engage in repetitive behaviors of compulsions. The compulsions in people with OCD interfere with daily activities and cause significant distress. OCD is usually a life-long (chronic) condition, but symptoms can come and go over time. Everyone with this condition experiences obsessions and compulsions at some point. OCD can affect anyone but the average age of onset is 19 years. About 50% of people with OCD begin to have symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Developing the condition’s symtpoms after the age of 40 is rare.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is relatively common. It affects 1.6% to 2.3% of the general U.S. population. The symptoms of OCD may come and go, ease over time or worsen over time. For example, trouble getting ready for bed in a reasonable amount of time. The obsessions in people with OCD are unwanted, intrusive thoughts or mental images that cause intense anxiety.
Although the main cause of OCD is not known, it is believed to be caused by biological, genetic, or environmental factors. Studies show that people who have a first-degree relative such as biological parent or sibling with OCD are at a higher risk for developing the condition. Imaging studies have shown differences in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures of the brain in people who have OCD. Some studies show an association between childhood trauma, such as abuse or neglect, and the development of OCD.
There’s no test for OCD. A healthcare provider makes the diagnosis after asking you about your symptoms and medical and mental health history. The DSM for diagnosing OCD include experiencing obsessions, compulsions or both. Also, the obsessions or compulsions take up a lot of time. The obsessions or compulsions affect the patient’s participation in social activities, work responsibilities or other life events. The symptoms are not as a resullt of substances, alcohol, medications or another medical condition. APA