Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are antidepressants that help ease symptoms of moderate to severe depression. They are relatively safe and cause fewer side effects compared to other types of antidepressants.  SSRIs treat depression by increasing levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is one of the chemical messengers that carry signals between brain nerve cells. The mechanism ofaction of SSRIs is blocking the reuptake of serotonin into neurons, which makes more serotonin available to improve transmission of messages between neurons.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved SSRIs to treat depression include Citalopram (Celexa), Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, and Sertraline (Zoloft). All SSRIs can cause similar side effects, though some people may not experience any. Possible side effects of SSRIs may include Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, headache, and Drowsiness. SSRIs are generally safe for most people but high doses of citalopram may cause dangerous abnormal heart rhythms. Therefore, doses over 40 milligrams (mg) a day should be avoided according to the FDA.

Drug interactions is one of the issues to discuss with your doctor before you take an SSRI. When taking antidepressants, individuals should tell doctor about any other prescription or over-the-counter medications, herbs or other supplements they are taking. SSRIs may increase the risk of bleeding, especially when taken with other medications that increase the risk of bleeding. Examples of such medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) and other blood thinners. Moreover, patients should talk to their doctor about the risks and benefits of using specific antidepressants since some antidepressants may harm if taken during pregnancy or while  breast-feeding.

Anyone taking an antidepressant should be watched closely for worsening depression or unusual behavior. Antidepressants are more likely to reduce suicide risk in the long run by improving mood. Although SSRIs are not addictive, stopping antidepressant treatment abruptly can cause withdrawal-like symptoms. Withdrawal-like symptoms include General feeling of uneasiness, Nausea, Dizziness, Lethargy, and Flu-like symptoms. When choosing an antidepressant, your doctor takes into account your symptoms, any health problems, other medications you take and what has worked for you in the past. APA