Identify and contrast which theorist developed psychoanalysis and psychoanalytical therapy?, Compare and contrast classical psychoanalysis with ego psychology theorists., How are their views similar? How are they different?, What are the expectations of clients who participate in “classical’ or “traditional” psychoanalysis and what is the role of the therapist in this therapeutic approach (and why)?, Describe transference and countertransference and how the nurse psychotherapist can use these in clinical practice., What should you do if you experience this when counseling a patient?

Ego psychology evolved from Freud’s ideas but was further developed by theorists like Anna Freud, Heinz Hartmann, and Erik Erikson. While traditional psychoanalysis focuses on unconscious conflicts, ego psychology emphasizes the ego’s role in adapting to reality, solving problems, and managing emotions.

Classical Psychoanalysis vs. Ego Psychology

Both approaches share common roots in Freudian theory but have key differences.

Similarities:

• Both recognize the influence of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences.
• Both emphasize the importance of self-awareness and understanding internal conflicts.
• Both acknowledge that past relationships shape personality and behavior.

Differences:

• Classical psychoanalysis focuses on uncovering repressed conflicts, while ego psychology highlights how the ego helps people adapt to life’s challenges.
• Psychoanalysis uses techniques like dream analysis and free association to explore the unconscious, whereas ego psychology looks at conscious coping strategies.
• Ego psychology considers how social and environmental factors influence development, while classical psychoanalysis is more focused on inner psychological struggles.

What to Expect in Traditional Psychoanalysis?

Clients in traditional psychoanalysis attend therapy multiple times a week for an extended period. They are encouraged to talk openly about their thoughts, feelings, and memories, while the therapist listens and provides insights.

The therapist remains mostly neutral, acting as a mirror rather than giving direct advice. This helps clients project their feelings onto the therapist in a process called transference, which brings hidden emotions to the surface. The therapist then helps the client understand and resolve these feelings.

Transference and Countertransference in Therapy

• Transference happens when a client redirects feelings from past relationships onto the therapist. For example, a client with a strict parent might see the therapist as overly critical.
• Countertransference occurs when the therapist projects their own feelings onto the client. For instance, a therapist with unresolved family issues may feel unusually protective toward a client. APA