Alaouir, Taima, Robin Gustavsson, and Nathalie Schmidt. "Factors Driving Purchase
Intention for Cruelty-free Cosmetics: A study of female millennials in Jönköping, Sweden."
(2019). https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1320983/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Consumers of beauty products today consider different ethical factors before making
purchase decisions. Former studies have revealed that ethical consumption of beauty products
positively impacts consumers’ health-being, increased satisfaction, and cost effectiveness. The
article aimed to study the factors that influence female millennials; purchasing intention in
Jönköping towards Cruelty-free Cosmetics. Taima, Gustavsson, & Schmidt used a deductive
approach in this article and tested factors such as social media, finance, environmental
knowledge, and attitude. The article used a survey method of data collection to collect views
from 108 female millennials selected to act as respondents. The authors noted that respondents’;
environmental knowledge and attitude had a positive relationship with their intention to purchase
cruelty-free cosmetics. However, the authors found that media and financial constraints had no
significant influence on their purchase intention. This means that cruelty-free cosmetics are
worth the average consumer’s extra cost, as no financial constraint was observed. Cruelty-Free Consumer Cosmetics

Sasse, Audra, Megan. "Gathering consumer terminology using focus groups–an example with
beauty care." (2018). https://krex.k-
state.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2097/39100/AudraSasse2018.pdf?sequence=6
Manufacturers and promoters of beauty products could effectively make better products
and reach the target markets if they could understand the emotions driving product purchases.
This article aimed to use focus groups to gather information on emotions and attitudes
surrounding certain beauty products. This would then be used to develop product terminologies
that are relevant, simple, and impactful. Megan used 21 women residing in the city of Kansas as
respondents in this research study. The author selected seven women from each of the three age
groups; 18-35, 36-50, and 51+. The respondents were then asked to comment on their thoughts
and emotions involved during the purchase of beauty products and their opinions on ingredients
used in their manufacture. Megan observed that women living in Kansas City wanted beauty that
are made from natural ingredients and those that are not tested on animals. From the findings of
this article, it is right to judge that cruelty-free beauty products are safe and effective for women
in all age groups. Cruelty-Free Consumer Cosmetics MLA