Community Resources for Bipolar Disorder

Study Guide Forum

Neurodevelopment disorders are a group of mental health conditions affecting the
development of the nervous system including the brain and the spinal cord (Morris-
Rosendahl & Crocq, 2020). Neurodevelopment disorders occur in childhood and can persist
to adulthood and affect various domains, including memory, emotion, social, occupational,
and self-control (Morris-Rosendahl & Crocq, 2020). The disorders are caused by genetical,
environmental, or abnormal brain development or damage at an early age. Common examples
of neurodevelopmental disorders include autism spectrum disorder, stereotypic movement
disorder, intellectual disability and delay, ADHD, motor disorders, language, speech and
communication disorders, developmental coordination disorders, and specific learning
disorders (Morris-Rosendahl & Crocq, 2020). Some of these disorders are resolvable with
appropriate and timely interventions while other disorders are chronic and need to be
managed throughout the lifespan. This assignment will develop a study guide for the assigned
disorder, Child-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering).

 Signs and symptoms according to the DSM-5-TR

Therefore The signs and symptoms of child-onset fluency disorder include sound prolongations,
broken words, sound and syllable repetitions, interjections, audible or silent blocking,
circumlocutions, excessive physical tension, and monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
(Maguire et al., 2020).

 Differential diagnoses

Differentiating Child-Onset Fluency Disorder

Child-onset fluency disorder must be distinguished from other speech issues.

1. Sensory Deficits:
   • Speech problems may arise from sensory issues, like hearing impairments.
   • These deficits can affect how children perceive and produce speech.
   • Therefore, a thorough hearing evaluation is crucial.
2. Social Anxiety Disorder:
   • Individuals with social anxiety struggle to speak due to anxiety in social situations.
   • Their speech difficulties are linked to fear of judgment or embarrassment.
   • Unlike fluency disorder, their speech issues often improve in relaxed settings.
3. Cluttering:
   • This condition involves irregular speech rates and differs from fluency disorder.
   • Cluttering is characterized by rapid, disorganized speech that can be hard to understand.
   • It often includes frequent pauses and a lack of clarity in verbal expression.
4. Tourette’s Disorder:
   • Characterized by sudden, repetitive movements or vocalizations, it is not the same as fluency disorder.
   • Tics can affect speech but are distinct from the speech patterns in fluency disorder.
   • Understanding these differences is vital for accurate diagnosis and treatment. APA