Cardiovascular Risks in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Patients with SLE have a higher risk of stroke, heart attack, and thromboembolic disorders. The relative risk of CVD is around 2.5 times normal due to SLE (Bello, 2022)
- Describe the specific pathophysiological processes in SLE that lead to the manifestations observed in your assigned body system., How does SLE affect your assigned body system?
SLE causes chronic inflammation in blood vessels throughout the body. High Blood Pressure (HTN) is common for people with SLE. SLE Kidney damage also causes HTN.
Vessel inflammation and HTN cause atherosclerosis of coronary arteries and heart attacks are more likely for SLE patients.
An antibody that is a hallmark of SLE autoimmunity is called anti phospholipid antibody (APL). This APL antibody can trigger clots, and it can start inflammation on the surface of blood vessels or cardiac tissue.
Direct SLE inflammation of cardiac tissues is another burden for patients. Pericarditis occurs in 25%, Endocarditis in 15% and Myocarditis in 10% of SLE patients. The valve damage that happens in Lupus endocarditis is not from infection it is from immune complex deposits on the valve surface. Scars and hypertrophy impair the valve function.
Cardiovascular Risks in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
2. Discuss the symptoms and clinical manifestations of SLE on your assigned body system. How do these symptoms impact the client’s function and quality of life? Can changes in your assigned body system affect or be affected by other body systems in clients with SLE?
The presentation of CVD in SLE patients is not different than for other patients. SLE patients have the typical signs and symptoms for HTN, heart attack, stroke, venous thrombosis, embolism and heart valve disease. What is different is that these conditions occur earlier in life. SLE is more common in women than men, so SLE is the cause of heart disease in women in their 30s and 40s. Chest pain, shortness of breath are seen in SLE heart attack, endocarditis, pericarditis, and myocarditis.
Heart disease can affect the function of all other organs. Poor pump function (CHF) affects lung function, kidney, liver and brain function. Clots can block blood flow where they form or travel and cause tissue damage. It is possible for Lupus patients to have heart disease, kidney injury and vision loss all at the same time.
Cardiovascular Risks in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
3. Discuss the diagnostic tests used to diagnose SLE-related complications in your body system. What challenges are associated with diagnosing SLE if only looking at your assigned body system?
If a person presents for care with signs and symptoms of a cardiac condition and we don’t know they have SLE, we would use the usual diagnosis tools for heart disease; EKG, echocardiogram, stress test or even cardiac cath. We would also get blood tests to check for heart muscle damage, like troponins. SLE patients have HTN and atherosclerosis like everyone else, but people with SLE get it younger and more severe. The one heart condition that is more commonly seen in Lupus is valve damage. This is diagnosed with an Echocardiogram. This is one example of how a heart test might make the care team consider SLE. APA