Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort

Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort is a middle-range theory for health practice, education, and research that was developed in the 1990s. The theory explains comfort as a fundamental need of all human beings for relief, ease, or transcendence arising from health care situations that are stressful. This theory came up when Katharine Kolcaba conducted a concept […]
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Roy’s Adaptation Model of Nursing

Roy’s Adaptation Model of Nursing was developed by Sister Callista Roy in 1976. Roy’s model posits that a person is a bio-psycho-social being who’s in constantl interaction with a changing environment. The model explains how people adapt to environmental changes using four components, including person, health, environment, and nursing. According to Roy’s adaptation model of […]
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Middle-Range Nursing Theories

Middle-range nursing theories are frameworks that provide a practical way for nurses to better understand and care for their patients. Their scope is around nursing practice and research and allow nurses to focus on specific areas of patient care. Additionally, these nursing theories allow nurses to test and measure effectiveness of various interventions. Nurses can […]
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Tidal model of mental health

Tidal model of mental health nursing is one of the middle range theories that was developed by Professor Philip J. Barker in 1996 and implemented in 2000. The model posits that the mental well-being of individuals is dependent on their individual life experiences, including perception and thoughts. The tidal model derives its name from the […]
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Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)

An Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) is a nurse who has earned a graduate-level degree such as a Master’s of Science in Nursing (MSN) or a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP).  APRNs also are nurses who have received trained in one of the four recognized APRN roles, including certified nurse-midwife (CNM), certified registered nurse anesthetist […]
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Porter’s Five Forces Forces Model

Porter’s Five Forces Forces Model  is a framework for understanding the competitive forces at work in an industry. The model was developed by Michael Porter through the article ‘How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy’. The five forces are competitive rivalry, the threat of new entrants, supplier bargaining power, customer bargaining power, and threat of substitutes.   […]
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Fibromyalgia disorder

Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. It is believed that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way the brain and spinal cord process painful and nonpainful signals. Symptoms often begin after an event, such as physical trauma, surgery, infection or significant psychological stress. […]
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What is gender dysphoria?

Gender dysphoria is the feeling of discomfort that occur in people whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth or sex-related physical characteristics. This discomfort is common among people wwho identify with transgender. Some transgender and gender-diverse people feel at ease with their bodies, with or without medical intervention. A diagnosis includes the […]
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What is Existential therapy?

Existential therapy focuses on free will, self-determination, and the search for meaning—often centering on the individual rather than on their symptoms. The approach emphasizes a person’s capacity to make rational choices and to develop to their maximum potential. Some practitioners regard existential therapy as an orientation toward therapy, not a distinct modality, per se. This type of therapy […]
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What is humanistic psychology?

Humanistic psychology is a movement in supporting the belief that humans are unique beings and should be recognized and treated as such by psychologists and psychiatrists. The movement grew in opposition to the two mainstream 20th-century trends in psychology that is behaviourism and psychoanalysis. Humanistic principles attained application during the “human potential” movement, which became popular in the United States during the […]
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