Answered Psy Midterm 2 Exam questions

QUESTION 1

Place coding for pitch indicates that ____________ frequencies are caused by neurons of the basilar membrane becoming activated. Specifically, these neurons are located __________ the oval window. Answered Psy Midterm 2 Exam questions

higher; closer to

higher; further from

lower; closer to

lower; further from

middle; closer to

4 points

QUESTION 2

________ are a component of the somatosenses.

		Free nerve endings in the skin
		Stretch receptors in cardiac muscle
		Receptors located within the semicircular canals
		Hair cells within the cochlea
		Cilia within the otoconia

4 points

QUESTION 3

Whether ion channels open or close within the hair cell cilia

		is a function of the voltage of the cilia membrane.
		reflects the action of a second messenger within the cilia.
		is controlled by ionotropic membrane receptors.
		reflects tension exerted by the tip links on the insertional plaques.
		involves the breakdown of cyclic AMP.

4 points

QUESTION 4

Smooth, hairless skin found on humans is known as

glabrous skin.

saccules.

kinesthetic covering.

Merkel’s corpuscles.

cutaneous skin.

4 points

QUESTION 5

Plasma levels of ghrelin are highest _______ and lead to ________.

		at the start of the morning; a craving for caffeine
		after a meal; a craving for a cigarette
		at the end of the evening; sleepiness
		when the digestive system is empty; eating
		after a meal; consumption of a snack

4 points

QUESTION 6

The ob mouse is obese because it lacks the gene that normally produces

cholecystokinin.

leptin.

insulin.

peptide YYZ.

glucagon.

4 points

QUESTION 7

The effects of neuropeptide Y on ________ are localized within the ________. Answered Psy Midterm 2 Exam questions

eating; lateral hypothalamus

metabolism; lateral hypothalamus

eating; amygdala

eating; paraventricular hypothalamus

metabolism; arcuate hypothalamus

4 points

QUESTION 8

One explanation for why it is hard to maintain a low-calorie diet is that

		food restriction elevates insulin release, which triggers feeding.
		we are fundamentally too lazy to exercise.
		starvation releases dopamine, which makes us happy.
		food restriction elevates ghrelin release, which triggers hunger.
		low calorie foods suppress ghrelin secretion.

4 points

QUESTION 9

There are three different cones that process different wavelengths of light. These wavelengths correspond to the colors

blue, red, and green.

blue, red, and yellow.

red, green, and yellow.

green, blue, yellow.

blue, green, yellow.

4 points

QUESTION 10

Which statement regarding the process of sensory transduction is correct?

		Receptors show action potentials to external stimuli.
		The intensity of an external stimulus is related to the firing rate of the receptor.
		An external stimulus is converted into changes in receptor membrane potential.
		Most receptors show an action potential when stimulated with an external stimulus.
		Transduction refers to the speed at which a sensory message travels toward the brain.

4 points

QUESTION 11

A microelectrode is inserted into a neuron within the primate visual system. Various stimuli are presented to the eyes, and changes in firing rate are recorded from this visual system neuron. Those aspects of the visual field to which this neuron responds with a change in firing rate are termed the

parvocellular visual system.

striate response field.

magnocellular visual system.

tuning curve.

receptive field.

4 points

QUESTION 12

The ventral visual stream terminates in the ________ and is involved in ________.

		primary motor cortex; object texture
		temporal association cortex; object color
		anterior parietal cortex; the analysis of where an object is located in space
		posterior parietal association cortex; the analysis of object identity
		inferior temporal cortex; the perception of form

4 points

QUESTION 13

Our body movements are mediated by the contraction of _______ muscle.

intrafusal

skeletal

cardiac

smooth

non-striated

4 points

QUESTION 14

Which statement regarding the motor homunculus is correct?

		Damage to a part of the motor homunculus on one side of the brain would impair motor function of the entire body on the same side as the damage.
		The homunculus visually represents the specific body muscle groups that are controlled by specific regions of the cortex.
		The homunculus represents the specific body parts that send afferent signals to a specific region of the cortex.
		The depiction of the homunculus is consistent across all mammals.
		The homunculus depicts cortical association areas in the primate brain.

4 points

QUESTION 15

Damage involving the ________ tract would be expected to impair walking, as well as automatic functions such as breathing and sneezing.

lateral corticospinal

corticospinal

tectospinal

reticulospinal

premotor-striatal

4 points

QUESTION 16

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by

		impaired ability to follow a map.
		sudden involuntary movements.
		impairment in initiating movement.
		an inability to perform a sequence of movements.
		a gene mutation on chromosome 4.

4 points

QUESTION 17

The disproportionate cortical representation in the primary motor cortex of the fingers and mouth is due to the fact that

		the hands and mouth take more innervation to move.
		are less sensitive than other areas of the body.
		are more sensitive than other areas of the body.
		require greater precision of movement.
		require less precision of movement.

4 points

QUESTION 18

During sleep, a(n) ______________ is used to measure brain activity.

electroencephalogram

electromyogram

electro-oculogram

oximeter probe

electroencardiogram

4 points

QUESTION 19

Circadian rhythms are

		cycles of activity over the course of a day.
		not found in plants.
		learned patterns of daily activity.
		annual changes in behavior (such as migration).
		monthly cycles of reproductive activity.

4 points

QUESTION 20

A primary location of noradrenergic neurons in the brain is the

nucleus accumbens.

hippocampus.

raphe nuclei.

striatum.

locus coeruleus.

4 points

QUESTION 21

Which behavior is a central characteristic of REM sleep?

alternating delta and beta EEG activities

the presence of delta wave EEG activity

rapid eye movements

alpha wave brain activity

tossing and turning in bed

4 points

QUESTION 22

A hormone that prevents the prenatal development of the Müllerian system is said to have a(n)

defeminizing effect.

activational effect.

masculinizing effect.

feminizing effect.

nonselective action on the undifferentiated gonads.

4 points

QUESTION 23

A receptive female rat will exhibit ____________ when mounted by a male.

lordosis

lactation

darting

escaping

startle

4 points

QUESTION 24

Sexual receptivity in a female rat is ________ after removal of the ________.

absent; medial preoptic area

absent; ovaries

absent; nucleus accumbens

enhanced; ovaries

enhanced; nucleus accumbens

4 points

QUESTION 25

The hormone ________ exerts a defeminizing action during prenatal development. APA style

testosterone

dihydrotestosterone

estradiol

ghrelin

anti-Müllerian hormone

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		higher; closer to
		higher; further from
		lower; closer to
		lower; further from
		middle; closer to

		glabrous skin.
		saccules.
		kinesthetic covering.
		Merkel’s corpuscles.
		cutaneous skin.

		cholecystokinin.
		leptin.
		insulin.
		peptide YYZ.
		glucagon.

		eating; lateral hypothalamus
		metabolism; lateral hypothalamus
		eating; amygdala
		eating; paraventricular hypothalamus
		metabolism; arcuate hypothalamus