Improving Health Literacy Strategies

How can healthcare professionals promote health literacy particularly for patients with low health literacy, and what are the best strategies to improve patient understanding of medical information?

Promoting Health Literacy in Patients with Low Health Literacy

1. Identifying Patients with Low Health Literacy

• Use screening tools like the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) or Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA).
• Observe patient behaviors (e.g., difficulty following instructions, incomplete medical forms).
• Ask patients to explain back medical information in their own words (teach-back method).

2. Strategies to Improve Patient Understanding of Medical Information

A. Simplifying Communication

• Use plain language instead of medical jargon (e.g., say “high blood pressure” instead of “hypertension”).
• Speak slowly and clearly, emphasizing key points.
• Use the “Ask Me 3” approach: Encourage patients to ask three key questions—What is my main problem? What do I need to do? Why is it important?

B. Using Visual Aids and Multimedia

• Provide pictograms, infographics, and diagrams to explain conditions and treatments.
• Use videos, animations, and interactive apps to reinforce learning.
• Create color-coded medication schedules to improve adherence.

C. Implementing the Teach-Back and Show-Me Methods

• Have patients repeat back instructions in their own words to confirm understanding.
• Ask them to demonstrate how to take medications or use medical devices (e.g., inhalers, insulin pens).
• Reinforce learning through follow-up questions and repetition.

D. Enhancing Written and Digital Materials

• Use 5th- to 6th-grade reading levels in patient education materials.
• Provide bilingual resources for non-native speakers.
• Use bullet points, large fonts, and white space to make printed materials easy to read.
• Ensure digital content is mobile-friendly and accessible (e.g., text-to-speech features).

E. Engaging Families and Caregivers

• Encourage patients to bring a trusted family member or friend to appointments.
• Provide family-centered education sessions for chronic disease management.
• Offer support groups and community workshops to reinforce learning.

3. Leveraging Technology for Health Literacy

• Offer patient portals with simplified explanations and appointment reminders.
• Use SMS or chatbot reminders to improve medication adherence.
• Provide access to telehealth consultations with interpreters for non-English speakers. APA