Existential Therapy and Meaning Identify and contrast who developed the existential theory?, What is the existential therapy approach? Describe and contrast the following key concepts of the existential approach:, 1. Self-awareness 2. Freedom and responsibility, 3. Intimacy and isolation 4. Meaning in life. 5. Death anxiety, Authenticity. Describe the stages? What are the therapeutic goals of existential therapy?, Describe the unique emphasis placed on the therapeutic relationship., Discuss ways in which the existential approach is AND is NOT well suited to meet multicultural counseling needs., Discuss contributions and limitations of the existential approach to therapy.
Existential Theory and Therapy: Concepts, Stages, and Applications
Key Theorists and Development of Existential Theory
Existential theory emerged from European philosophy, emphasizing individual freedom, responsibility, and the search for meaning. Key figures include:
- Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) – Focused on radical freedom and the responsibility to create meaning in life.
- Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) – Explored being-in-the-world (Dasein) and how individuals relate to existence.
- Viktor Frankl (1905–1997) – Developed Logotherapy, emphasizing meaning-making, especially in suffering.
- Rollo May (1909–1994) – Introduced existential psychology to the U.S., integrating existential ideas with psychotherapy.
Existential Therapy Approach
Existential therapy is a philosophical, client-centered approach that helps individuals confront life’s fundamental concerns, such as freedom, isolation, meaning, and mortality. Rather than focusing on symptom reduction, it emphasizes personal growth, responsibility, and authentic living.
Key Concepts of the Existential Approach
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Self-Awareness – The ability to reflect on one’s existence, emotions, and choices. Greater awareness leads to intentional living but also brings responsibility.
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Freedom and Responsibility – Individuals have the freedom to shape their lives but must also accept responsibility for their choices. Avoiding responsibility can lead to inauthenticity.
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Intimacy and Isolation – Human beings seek meaningful connections, yet they must also face existential isolation—the reality that they are ultimately alone in their experiences.
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Meaning in Life – Meaning is not inherent but must be created. Viktor Frankl argued that meaning can be found even in suffering.
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Death Anxiety – Awareness of mortality can provoke fear but can also motivate individuals to live authentically. Denial of death may lead to avoidance behaviors.
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Authenticity – Living in alignment with one’s values and taking ownership of one’s existence, rather than conforming to societal expectations.
Stages of Existential Therapy
- Engagement & Awareness: The therapist builds trust and encourages self-exploration.
- Confrontation & Exploration: The client examines existential concerns such as freedom, meaning, and isolation.
- Acceptance & Commitment: The client takes responsibility and makes meaningful life choices.
Therapeutic Goals of Existential Therapy
- Encourage authentic living and self-awareness.
- Help clients confront existential anxieties (e.g., freedom, isolation, meaning).
- Promote personal responsibility and the ability to make life choices.APA