What is the neurobiology of bipolar disorder. Compare and contrast bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. Describe how you would approach this assessment. Include a discussion of contrasting the DSM-5 criteria, and how it can help you to distinguish between these two conditions. Be sure to include ethical/legal considerations in your response.
Purpose:
The purpose of required threaded discussions is an interactive dialogue among instructors and students to assist the student in organizing, integrating, applying, and critically appraising one’s knowledge regarding the nursing profession and selected area of practice. Scholarly information obtained from current sources as well as professional communication is required. The articles should have been published within the past 5 years and be peer reviewed. In some cases, you will need to pull in content from the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
Additionally, application of information to advance practice nursing experiences promotes the analysis and use of principles, knowledge and information learned and related to real-life clinical situations. Interactive dialogue among instructors and peers fosters the development of a learning community as ideas, perspectives and knowledge is shared.
What is the neurobiology of the bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder (BD), formerly manic depression, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs and lows. Also, people with bipolar disorder often feel depressed and hopeless and lose interest in most activities. Furtherore, the neurobiology of this condition is complicated, and much remains to be discovered regarding its neural and genetic correlates. Besides, it is thought that Bipolar disorder is a result of many distinct etiologies. Most of the patients with BD demonstrate a subtle reduction in cortical gray matter volume within several specific regions. Such regions include, the right anterior cingulate, the right precentral gyrus, and the inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally.
An MRI scan of people with BD shows an elevated volume of white matter hyperintensities and bright spots appearing within the white matter in T2-weighted images. Other studies suggest that the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), there are alterations in several key neuro regulators in BD. For instance, glutamate and glutamine concentrations are increased in the frontal cortex among patients with BD compared with controls. Moreover, BD has long been known to have a strong genetic component. However, BD is unlikely to be caused by one or even just a few genetic mutations. Children whose biological parents have BD are at a higher relative risk of developing the disorder. APA